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Fishmeal production technology small-scale animal husbandry from Mixed trash

Fishmeal is an important component indispensable in livestock feed and aquaculture. The amount of feed for livestock and aquaculture in our country needs about 300,000 tonnes / year, while industrial production fishmeal only 1/10 meets the needs, so we need to import. In fact, farmers use fish meal is mostly homemade, but the production and processing fish meal homemade many disadvantages, even pollute the environment. To overcome this drawback, Dang Thi Tuyet Loan Engineer Research Institute for Aquaculture II study has produced high-quality fish meal according to utilize small scale materials scattered trash fish, increased capacity to meet demand for fish meal industry, reducing imports. Information Science and Technology and Economics of Fisheries would like to introduce this technology summary.

Material

Raw material for fishmeal production is the use of trash fish such as croaker, snapper, fish alum, sardines, mandarin fish, discus, herring, snapper, fish spines cows, scad. Preserved by ice + salt. Preserved by ice mixture + 5% salt can keep fresh for 16 days, a mixture of 15% water ice + salt can keep fresh for 30 days. Not preserved with a mixture of salt more than 15%, because the processing to proceed to ferment makes material release missing protein, vitamins ... reduce quality of fishmeal. Equipment necessary for the production of fishmeal including water heating equipment, productivity 50 kg / batch; Manual screw presses 5kg / batch; Centrifuge 16 kg / batch; Spinner 50 kg / batch; Dryers can be adjusted from 60 - 1200C, yield 100 kg / batch; Crushers Screens 100 kg / hour.

Production methods

There are two methods of production are:

Process technology fishmeal production from small-scale farming Mixed trash fish centrifugal method

Technological process diagram:

Raw materials ---> Handling ---> main Cook ---> Centrifuge

---> Schrot centrifugal ---> How to ---> Drying (drying) ---> Crushing, sieving ---> Package ./.

---> Translate centrifugal ---> Apply directly to livestock. /.

1. Technology dewatering molding method.

2. Technology dewatering centrifuge method.

After testing and comparing the results between the two technologies, the researchers found should choose centrifuge technology to produce fishmeal small-scale breeding material 1-2 tons / day because the technology more simple and effective higher productivity. The performance of centrifugal method 3% higher and higher quality fish meal than molding methods, especially the protein content of high value.

Using 11 kinds of fresh trash fish, NH3 <60 mg / kg, preserved in salt and fresh water to flush the salt until the salt content in fish UU <1%. Most raw materials are small fish (<20cm), to whole fish; if to bring chopped fish with slice thickness 3 - 5 cm. Purification of impurities prior to the pot cooked. Use a cooking pot with a capacity of 400 l mounted pulleys to control the cooking pot fish baskets. After processing, the material into baskets, 50kg / batch, using pulleys drop into the pot of boiling water. The ratio of water to cook / material = 5/1. Cooking time 2-3 minutes until the fish cooked fragrant. Using centrifuges 200 cycles / min. Once cooked, the fish into the burlap sack, put on the rotors of centrifuges, ears are. Centrifuge 2-3 minutes until no water from the drainage hose of the machine. Use mixer residue obtained after centrifugation for 8-10 minutes until the bacon into small pieces. Pressed residue removed from the mixer at the wire rack, the oven 80-85 degrees C for 7-8 hours. Before grinding, metallic materials are separated by magnets mounted on the mill in position to import materials. In the attached netting mill 3mm diameter hole. The upper part can be discarded because the grid is mostly bones, scales ... (accounting for less than 1%). Products out of the mill is cooled by natural ventilation to normal air temperature before packaging. When packing, use as many paper containers 2 or 2 mantle layer. The volume of fish meal 20kg / bag. After packaging and preservation of fish meal in a cool dry place, with screens, not piled too high fishmeal prevent spontaneous heating and damage.

Quality Fishmeal

Results showed that, fishmeal production technology on material norms of 4.5 / 1, meaning that production 100kg material obtained 22 kg of fish products and 27 kilograms of fish meal and the service centrifugal high quality products, fishmeal to, no lumps, no mold, has a distinct aroma of fish meal, the sweet taste of protein, pale golden brown. During the production process testing, using antioxidant BHT to 0.01 and 0.02 levels compared to products mixed into the pulp stages of spinning centrifuge. The results showed that the degree of oxidation in the absence of fishmeal used BHT higher in case of use, but still below the permitted level. So in manufacturing technology small-scale research without the use of antioxidants.

Last time, the research team has produced 2 tons of fish meal breeding process technology at our factory on experimental feed Technology Center of Biology and Fisheries, and the food factory shrimp in Iron river (Phu Yen).

Mackerel powder products were reached and exceeded targets for livestock fish meal type 1 (TCVN 1644-75), namely: protein content> 60%, lipids <8%, mineral> 20%, salt <1.2%, humidity <10%. Forums use of this fish meal shrimp feed production processing workshops in 2 above. Fishmeal prices of products produced by the process technology is 6,200 VND / kg, may be acceptable.